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For the installation of the sewage system, it is necessary to lay the pipes that transport black and grey water to the septic tank. These pipes must be properly buried, ensuring an adequate slope for efficient waste flow. Additionally, it is essential to include access points or inspection chambers along the system to allow for maintenance, inspections, or troubleshooting of potential operational issues.

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ID:(162, 0)

Description

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The patio houses the connections that transport wastewater from the kitchen and the main bathroom to the grease separator chambers, the septic tank, and the drainage field. It is crucial to ensure that the pipes are inclined correctly to allow proper flow, which is achieved with a slope between 2% and 4%.

Key Aspects to Consider

Water Flow Control

If the slope exceeds 4%, liquids flow too quickly, leaving solids behind and increasing the risk of blockages in the system.

If the slope is less than 2%, black water does not flow properly, leading to stagnation and blockages in the pipes.

For these reasons, the following measures have been implemented:

The pipes exit at a high level from the bathrooms and kitchen, allowing a gradual height reduction to maintain a consistent slope.

Sharp bends are avoided in the black water pipes, which transport solids, to minimize the risk of obstructions.

Pipes and Diameters

Gray Water: Water from the kitchen, shower, and sink is carried through a 75 mm diameter pipe (orange).
Black Water: Wastewater from the toilet is carried through a 110 mm diameter pipe (red).

Pipe diagram: 110 mm (red) and 75 mm (orange)

Gray Water Connection

The gray water pipe from the kitchen connects with the pipe collecting water from the shower and sink, forming a single outlet line toward the inspection and grease separator chambers.

Gray water connection

Route to the Chambers

The system follows a direct route from the bedroom bathrooms, passing in front of the service area, to the inspection and grease separator chambers.

Route from the bathroom to the chambers

General View of the Patio

This image provides a general view of the patio, where the gray water connections are visible before being covered.

General view of the patio

Complete Layout

Finally, the complete layout of the pipe system is shown, illustrating all main connections before being covered.

Complete layout

Conclusion

The patio pipe system design ensures efficient, obstruction-free flow for both black and gray water, thanks to carefully planned slopes and the appropriate choice of materials and diameters. Additionally, the direct layout and well-organized connections facilitate maintenance and ensure functional integration with the chambers and the drainage field.

ID:(991, 0)

Description

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The black water piping system from the main bathroom connects to the black water chamber, where it also joins the pipes from the study bathroom. Additionally, the gray water pipes from the main bathroom and kitchen merge with those from the study bathroom and flow into the grease separator chamber.

Key Aspects to Consider

Impact of Grease in the Septic Tank

Grease is hydrophobic (does not mix with water) and tends to float on the surface. When cooled, especially in colder climates, it solidifies and creates blockages within the pipes.

When combined with other debris, such as wet wipes, food scraps, or detergents, grease can form deposits known as fatbergs (blocks of solidified grease).

For this reason, it is essential to consider the following:

Grease buildup reduces the pipe diameter, slowing down or completely blocking water flow.

These obstructions can cause wastewater overflows, impacting the system and the surrounding environment.

Under anaerobic conditions (lack of oxygen), accumulated grease decomposes, releasing gases such as hydrogen sulfide, which produces unpleasant odors.

Impact of Grease in the Drainage Field

When grease and oils reach the drainage field, they tend to float and accumulate in the upper layers of the system or on the soil surface.

This accumulation creates an impermeable grease biomat, preventing treated wastewater from efficiently infiltrating the soil.

It is necessary to address the following:

Grease saturates the soil pores, reducing their capacity to absorb water and affecting the natural flow to lower layers.

This can cause blockages in the dispersion system, reducing the efficiency of the drainage field.

Additionally, grease hinders the activity of microorganisms responsible for breaking down organic matter in the drainage field.

Solution: Grease Separator Chamber

To prevent these issues, a grease separator chamber is included in the system design. This chamber separates grease from the gray water before it merges with black water and flows into the septic system.

Diagram of the chambers: orange for gray water with grease separator, red for black water

Location of the Chambers

The inspection and grease separator chambers are located on the northwest side of the house, ensuring easy access for maintenance:

Inspection chamber at the back and grease separator chamber with a cover at the front

System Connections

Gray water, after passing through the grease separator chamber, flows into the inspection chamber, where it merges with black water. This design ensures that grease does not enter the septic tank or drainage field:

Connections between the chambers

Pipe Installation

The installation of gray water pipes shows their connection to the grease separator chamber, located at the left end of the image:

Installation of pipes for gray water

System Covering

Finally, the chamber covers are placed at ground level. However, this configuration may lead to future challenges, such as accessibility issues or aesthetic integration with the surroundings:

Covered chambers and connections

Conclusion

The inspection and grease separator chamber system is crucial for protecting the septic tank and drainage field by ensuring proper grease separation and minimizing the risk of blockages. The design allows for efficient maintenance and extends the system's lifespan, although aesthetic and functional details must be addressed after covering the chambers.

ID:(992, 0)

Description

>Top

One of the main challenges of the terrain is its slope, as to ensure proper drainage of wastewater, the pipe's angle of inclination must remain within a range of 2% to 4%.

Key Aspects to Consider

Water Flow Control

If the slope exceeds 4%, liquids may flow too quickly, leaving solids behind and increasing the risk of blockages in the system.

If the slope is less than 2%, wastewater does not flow properly, which can lead to stagnation and pipe blockages.

For this reason:

The septic tank is located near the house to reduce the pipe length and facilitate slope design.

Since the terrain has a steep slope, the system begins at a greater depth at the highest point, achieving a steady and reduced slope until it reaches the tank's inlet.

Additional Considerations

The presence of water in the excavation site for the tank requires an adequate drainage system and soil compaction to ensure the tank's stability.

The visible mound left after the tank's installation must be integrated into the garden's landscaping design.

System Components

Pipe from the Inspection Chamber to the Septic Tank

The following diagram shows the route of the pipe that transports wastewater to the septic tank:

Diagram of the pipe to the septic tank

To achieve the proper slope, the pipes are initially placed at a shallower depth. This gradual descent maintains the appropriate slope and effectively directs the flow toward the tank's inlet:

Relatively deep trench to compensate for the terrain's slope

At this stage, a 110 mm pipe is installed to carry both wastewater and greywater, which has been pre-treated by the grease trap:

Pipe descending toward the septic tank

Preparing the Tank Site

Upon reaching the designated installation site for the tank, water accumulation was observed in the cavity. This highlighted the need for proper drainage and soil compaction to stabilize the tank and ensure optimal performance:

Trench at the site designated for the septic tank

System Completion

Finally, the system is covered, leaving a visible mound that must be integrated into the garden's landscaping to maintain a harmonious aesthetic:

Covered trench and septic tank (partially) in place

This design ensures efficient flow, system stability, and proper integration into the surroundings, meeting the project's technical and aesthetic requirements.

ID:(993, 0)

Description

>Top

Once the septic tank separates the sludge from the water, the residual liquid flows through a pipe with a steep slope toward an area farther away from the house. In this area, the soil must have sufficient permeability to allow proper and safe drainage.

Key aspects to consider

Control of water velocity

The steep slope increases the water flow velocity, which could cause erosion or affect the uniform distribution in the drainage area.

For this reason, it is crucial to install a redistribution chamber:

This chamber collects the water before it reaches the drainage field and reduces its velocity.

It ensures more uniform distribution, optimizing soil infiltration and preventing localized saturation.

System ventilation

The system must include adequate ventilation to manage gases generated in the septic tank, such as methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide.

This serves two essential purposes:

Pressure relief: Prevents gases from affecting water flow in the pipe.

Prevention of gases in the drainage area: Gases can obstruct water infiltration into the soil.

Specific terrain conditions

Pipe depth: Due to the presence of rock in this section, the pipe is not buried very deeply.

This is not a problem because:

There is no risk of freezing in this region.

The difficult access location protects the pipe from damage caused by machinery or traffic.

System components

Pipe to the drainage area

The diagram shows the pipe that transports water from the septic tank to the drainage field. The steep slope ensures continuous flow but requires measures to control the water velocity.

Diagram of the pipe to the drainage area

Trench with redistribution chamber

On the descending section, a redistribution chamber is installed to control the flow before the water reaches the drainage area. This trench ensures that the system is well-aligned and protected.

Trench descending toward the drainage area with the redistribution chamber

Ventilation system

Midway along the route, a ventilation pipe is installed to release gases and regulate pressure. Initially, this pipe was placed at an excessive height, visible from the house, which required adjustments to improve its discretion.

Pipe with excessively high ventilation system

Pipe before covering

The system is fully inspected before being covered, ensuring that both the pipe and the ventilation system are correctly installed and operational.

Pipe and ventilation ready to be covered

Finalized system

Finally, the trench is completely covered, leaving the system operational. The water, previously separated from the sludge, flows to the drainage area through the redistribution chamber.

Covered trench with redistribution chamber over the drainage area

Conclusion

This design ensures efficient flow of treated water, proper gas elimination, and correct distribution in the drainage area. The terrain adaptations guarantee the system's functionality and longevity under specific conditions.

ID:(994, 0)